Physics - Class X - Chapter No.19 - Questions And Answers

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NUCLEAR PHYSICS

IMPORTANT QUESTIONS OF PAST PAPERS:

1) Write down four Properties of alpha rays? (2008, 2009, 2010, 2017)
2) Define :
(i) Half life of an element. (2009, 2016, 2017)
(ii) Half life of radioactive element. (2011)
(iii) Nuclear reactor (2012, 2016)
(iv) Proton (2012)
(v) Nuclear Fission (2017)
3) Write two point of difference between
(i)fission and fusion reaction (2008, 2009)
4) Write down three precautions to minimize the radiation hazards? (2010, 2016)
5) What is natural radio activity? (2008. 2010)
6) Define radio-isotopes and state its one use in agriculture and two uses in medicine? (2011)
7) Define Fission reaction or nuclear fission reaction. Write down its equation and draw the diagram for or explain chain reaction . (2011, 2014)

8) Define radio-isotopes? Write down the uses of following three radio isotopes: (i) Co-60 (ii) I-131 (iii) P-32

9) Write down three difference between alpha and beta rays? (2008, 2012, 2014)
10) Write two difference between fission and fusion reaction? (2013, 2016, 2018)
11) Describe any three laws of fusion. (2014)
12) Write three uses of laser technology (2014)
13) Draw the diagram of nuclear reactor and describe the importance of boron rod.(2014)
14) What is natural radio activity? Name three elements which emit powerful radiations and write the range of velocity of particles of negative rays emitted during radioactivity. (2015)
15) Write two uses of radioisotopes in medicine and one use in industry? (2016,)

Numerical:
1) In a nuclear reaction, 9 x 10¹⁰ J of energy is released due to conversion of mass into energy. How much mass has been converted into energy?( speed of light = 3.8 x 10⁸ m/s) (2011, 2017) ( Hint: Formula ; E= mc²)
2) The half life of radium is 1600 years Find the amount of radium. left after 4800 years if its mass is 60 g. (2013) ( Hint: Formula ; (i) Number of half life in 4800 years = 4800 / 1600 = 3, (ii) mass remaining after 1st life = 1/ 2 X 60 = 30 g , mass remaining after 2nd life = 1/2 X 30 = 15 g, mass remaining after 3rd life = 1/2 X 15 = 7.5 g Ans )
3) How much energy will be released when 50 gm mass is completely transferred to energy.by Einstein's equation. (2014) ( Hint: Formula ; E= mc²)
◾ How much energy will be released when 20 gm mass is completely transferred to energy. (2019) ( Hint: Formula ; E= mc²)
4) With the help of Einstein's equation. Find the mass transformed to energy when the speed of light is 3.8 x 10⁸ m/s and the energy released during nuclear reaction is 9 x 10¹⁶ J . (2015) ( Hint: Formula ; E= mc²)
5) The half life of ₈₃I¹³¹ is 8 days. Find the amount of Iodine. left after 16 days from a sample of 100 g. (2016) ( Hint: Formula ; (i) Number of half life in 16 days= 16 /8= 2, (ii) mass remaining after 1st life = 1/ 2 X 100 = 50 g , mass remaining after 2nd life = 1/2 X 50 = 25 g, Ans )

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