Diseases in F.Sc. for MCAT 2012

Sami Aslam

Diseases in F.Sc. for MCAT 2012
*Disease*	Causing Agent	Description
1. Glycogenesis Type 2	Defective Lysosome	Liver and muscles filled with glycogen
2. Tay-Sach’ s	Defective Lysosome	Accumulation of lipids in brain cell , mental retardation
3. Small pox	Pox Virus	Raise fluid filled vesicles form pitted scars ‘the pocks’
4. Herpes Simplex	Herpes Virus	Vascular lesions in epithelial layers of ectodermal tissues
5. Influenza	Influenza Virus	Causes common cold
6. Measles & Mumps	Paramyxoviruses	Swelling, fever, running nose
7. Poliomyelitis	Polio Virus	Affect nerves and leads to paralysis
8. AIDS	HIV	Defective immune system due to less T-lymphocytes
9. Hepatitis A	HAV	Short term less virulent disease by contact of faeces
10. Hepatitis B	HBV	Fatigue, loss of appetite, jaundice, by serum contact
11. Hepatitis C	HCV	Less virulent than A or B, Leads to chronic liver disease
12. Hepatitis E	HEV	Caused due to pigs
13. Amoebic Dysentery	Entamoeba	Causes dysentery
14. African Sleeping Sickness	Trypanosoma	Fever, headache, Affects nervous system
15. Malaria	Plasmodium	Rupture liver cells and blood cells burst
16. Late Blight of Potato	Phytopthora infestans	Potato tubers rot in the field
17. Candidiasis	Candida albicans	Oral or vaginal thrush
18. Aspergillosis	Aspergillus fumigates	Cough, fever, chest pain, difficult breathing
19. Ergotism	Purple ergot	Nervous spasm, convulsion, psychotic delusion
20. Smut	Ustilago triciti	Replaces kernel of wheat with black spores
21. Rust	Puccinia sp.	Replaces kernel with rust-red spores
22. Enterobiasis	Enterobius vermicularis	Causes itching of anus, insomnia, loss of apetite
23. Food Poisoning	Salmonella, Campylobacter	Diarrhea, vomiting, abdominal pain
24. Botulism	Clostridium botulinum	Toxin produced cause respiratory , cardiac paralysis
25. Tuberculosis	Mycobacterium tuberculosis	Lung is damaged resulting in cough and fever due to malnutrition
26. Tetanus	Clostridium tetani	Painful spasm, lock jaw, respiratory failure
27. Muscle Fatigue	Low ATP	Contractures, lactic acid accumulation in muscles
28. Tetany	Low Ca in blood	Muscle twitches, loss of sensation, convulsions
29. Cramp	Low suger level, Dehydration	Tetanic contraction of entire muscle, muscles become taut and painful
30. Parkinson’s disease	Brain cell death	Dopamine not produced, diminished motor power
31. Epilepsy	Rapid electric discharge in grey matter	Transient alternation in brain, change in consciousness states
32. Alzeheimer’s Disease	Dementia	Decline in brain function, memory loss
33. Acromegaly	Excess STH in old age	Abnormal development of hands, feet ,jaws
34. Graves’ Disease	Excess thyroxine	Exopthalmic goiter, increase metabolism, heart attack
35. Cretinism	Lack of thyroxine	Small individual, coarse scanty hair, thick yellowish scaly skin and mentally retarded
36. Myxoedema	Shortage of iodine	Swelling of neck, hand puffiness, excess fat & weight
37. Diabetes mellitus	Lack of Insulin	High level sugar, derangement of NS, sugar in urine
38. Addison’s Son	Destruction of Adrenal cortex	Weakness of muscle, loss of salts, metabolic disturbances
39. Cushing’s Disease	Excess cortical hormone	Excessive protein breakdown, muscular weakness
40. Gonorrhoa	Neisseria gonorrhoeae	Affect mucus membrane, of urinogenital tract, infant eye infection
41. Syphilis	Treponema pallidum	Damages reproductive organs, CNS, heart, skin
42. Genital Herpes	Herpes simplex type 2 virus	Sexual contact, genital soreness, ulcer, damages infant eyes and CNS
43. Microcephaly	Metabolic disorder	Individual are born with small skull
44. Cleft palate	Metabolic disorder	Opening between oral and nasal cavity
45. Alkaptonuria	Genetic defect	Urine contains homogentisic acid and turns black
46. Sickle cell anaemia	Genetic defect	Valine instead of Glutamic acid in haemogloben at position 6 from N terminal in beta chain
47. Phenylketonuria	Genetic defect	Phenylalanine accumulates , mental reatrdation
48. Cancer	Gene Mutation	Rapid uncontrolled cell division of WBC
49. Mongolism (Down’s Syndrome)	Non-disjuction	Extra 21^st pair, flat, broad face, squint eyes, skin fold, protruding tongue
50. Klinefelter’s Syndrome	Non-disjuction	Trisomy XXY, enlaged breast, tendency to tallness, obesity, small testes
51. Turner’s Syndrome	Non-disjuction	XO, female short stature, webbed neck, no ovaries
52. Erythroblastosis foetalis	Rh incompatibility	Causes jaundice, yellow eye, may be abortion
53. Bombay Phenotype	Epistasis	No attachment of antigen with RBC
54. Haemophilia	Genetic defect	No ability to clot blood,
55. Colour blindness	Genetic defect	No ability to detect colours
56. TFS(Testicular ferminization Syndrome)	Genetic defect	Tfm gene develop male into female, have breast, genitalia, bind vagina, no uterus
57. Osteo Arthritis	Genetic defect	Degenerative joint disease
58. Osteoporosis	Hormonal defect	Bone mass is reduced,
59. Osteomalcia	Nutritional defect	Calcium salts are not deposited hence bones are weak
60. Ricket	Nutritional defect	Deformed legs and pelvis, deficiency of Ca or vit.D
61. Disc Slip	Physical Cause	Dislocation of intervertebral disc
62. Spondylosis	Hormonal defect	Immobility and fusion of vertebral joints
63. Sciatica	Physical Cause	Pain of sciatic nerve, no foot ankle movement
64. NIDDM	Genetic defect	Resistance in body cells for insulin, 90% of all
65. IDDM	Genetic Defect	Autoimmune disorder, immune system kills insulin producing cells, Insulin Dependant
66. MODY	Genetic Defect	NIDDM before 25, mutation in glucokinase gene
67. Cystic fibrosis	Genetic Defect	Lack a genen coding for for trans-membrane carrier of chloride ions
68. Schistosomiasis (Snail fever)	Flukes	Abdominal pain, diarrhea, fever, fatigue
69. Neurocysticereosis	Taenia Solium	Cysts in brain, seizures
70. Cyticereosis	Tape worm	Headache, dizziness, dementia
71. Diphyllobothriasis	Diphyllbothrium Fish Tapeworm	Vitamin b12 deficiency, Anaemia
72. Hydatidosis	Echinococcus granulosus Dog tape worm	Enlarged liver, jaundice, hives

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